Untuk Ngobrol

5 Tenses untuk Ngobrol

Tidak perlu hafal semua 16 tenses. Untuk ngobrol sehari-hari, kuasai dulu 5 tenses ini. Setiap rumus diberi warna sesuai bagian kalimat, dan contoh katanya sejajar tepat di bawah rumus supaya gampang diingat.

Arti singkatan

S = Subject: I, you, we, they, he, she, it
V1 = kata kerja dasar: go, study, eat
V2 = bentuk lampau: went, studied, ate
V3 = past participle: gone, studied, eaten
O = Object / keterangan kalimat

Arti warna

Subject — pelaku: I, you, we, they, he, she, it
Kata bantu — do/does, am/is/are, have/has, will
Kata kerja — V1, V2, V3, atau V-ing
Object — penerima atau keterangan kalimat

Tense 1

Simple Present

Kebiasaan & fakta umum

Untuk kebiasaan, rutinitas harian, dan hal yang selalu benar.

Rumus positif

S She V1(-s/es) studies O English

Negatif S + do/does + not + V1 + O

Tanya Do/Does + S + V1 + O?

Contoh

“I drink coffee every morning.”
“She works at a bank.”

Penanda waktu

always, usually, often, every day, on Mondays

Hindari: Untuk he, she, it, kata kerja wajib +s/-es.

She study English.

She studies English.

Tense 2

Present Continuous

Sedang terjadi sekarang

Untuk aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung tepat saat ini.

Rumus positif

S They am/is/are are V-ing learning O grammar

Negatif S + am/is/are + not + V-ing + O

Tanya Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing + O?

Contoh

“I am watching a movie right now.”
“They are playing football.”

Penanda waktu

now, right now, at the moment, currently, Look!

Hindari: Jangan lupa to be (am/is/are) sebelum V-ing.

She reading a book.

She is reading a book.

Tense 3

Simple Past

Selesai di masa lalu

Untuk kejadian yang sudah selesai pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu.

Rumus positif

S We V2 visited O Bali

Negatif S + did + not + V1 + O

Tanya Did + S + V1 + O?

Contoh

“I watched a movie last night.”
“We visited Bali last year.”

Penanda waktu

yesterday, last night, last year, ago, in 2020

Hindari: Setelah did, kata kerja kembali ke V1.

Did you went?

Did you go?

Tense 4

Simple Future

Rencana & prediksi

Untuk rencana, janji, dan prediksi di masa depan.

Rumus positif

S I will will V1 help O you

Negatif S + will + not + V1 + O

Tanya Will + S + V1 + O?

Contoh

“I will call you tomorrow.”
“She will travel next week.”

Penanda waktu

tomorrow, next week, soon, later, tonight

Hindari: Setelah will, pakai V1 tanpa -s/-ing.

He will goes.

He will go.

Tense 5

Present Perfect

Pengalaman sampai sekarang

Untuk pengalaman atau kejadian lampau yang hasilnya masih terasa sekarang.

Rumus positif

S I have/has have V3 visited O Japan

Negatif S + have/has + not + V3 + O

Tanya Have/Has + S + V3 + O?

Contoh

“I have visited Japan twice.”
“She has finished her homework.”

Penanda waktu

already, just, yet, ever, never, since, for

Hindari: Pakai V3 (bukan V2), dan has untuk he, she, it.

She have gone.

She has gone.

Mau lengkap? Lihat referensi semua 16 tenses Bahasa Inggris.